TY - BOOK AU - Bernardini,Gabriele AU - Cantatore,Elena AU - Fatiguso,Fabio AU - Quagliarini,Enrico ED - SpringerLink (Online service) TI - Terrorist Risk in Urban Outdoor Built Environment: Measuring and Mitigating via Behavioural Design Approach T2 - SpringerBriefs in Architectural Design and Technology, SN - 9789819769650 AV - TH9111-9745 U1 - 628.92 23 PY - 2025/// CY - Singapore PB - Springer Nature Singapore, Imprint: Springer KW - Fire prevention KW - Buildings KW - Protection KW - Financial risk management KW - Terrorism KW - Political violence KW - Urban policy KW - Environmental education KW - Landscape architecture KW - Fire Science, Hazard Control, Building Safety KW - Risk Management KW - Terrorism and Political Violence KW - Urban Policy KW - Environmental and Sustainability Education KW - Landscape Architecture N1 - 1. Introduction -- 2. Terrorist risk in urban outdoor built environment: influencing factors and mitigation strategies -- 3. User behaviour in terrorist acts to model the evacuation in the outdoor Open Areas -- 4. Measuring and improving the resilience of outdoor Open Areas against terrorist acts: a behavioural design approach -- 5. A case study application: Vittorio Veneto Square in Matera, Italy; Open Access N2 - This open access book outlines the latest results in analysing, assessing, and managing terrorist risk in the urban outdoor built environment. In detail, contents refer to the outdoor Open Areas (such as streets, squares, urban parks and other public spaces in our cities) exposed to such violent events considering the physical elements and properties of the built environment and users. PThe built environment features, including layout, use and management, are combined with terrorist threats issues and user behaviours in emergency conditions, to determine a set of complementary tools for the reduction of risk and increase of urban resilience. The contents hence provide different levels of tool analysis, for risk scenario definition, risk assessment, mitigation strategies design and effectiveness evaluation, considering traditional approaches about the issue along with simulation-based approaches relying on understanding and representing user behaviors. This “behavioural design” approach offers the opportunity to manage the level of risk for specific real urban cases over going the normative limitations in Europe that are only referred to few countries and sometimes deal with the prevention of violent acts by intelligence activities as the exclusive way to face this issue. In addition, the focus on the characters of cultural and historic places and their resilience is increasing by means of introduction of mitigation and compatible solutions providing a complementary chapter for the design of resilient cities in all of their peculiarities (peripheries, consolidated, and historical). In this sense, it is one of the first organized attempts to analyse the main limitations of current solutions in these outdoor Open Areas and, at the same time, to clearly introduce the importance of human behaviours and the various choices in emergency evacuation conditions, thanks to the proposed behavioural-based simulation approach. The attention is focused on a critical aspect for historic spaces, where morphological conditions are fixed values. Thus, this book represents a sort of guidelines about these user-related issues during such violent events and is useful to both professionals and researchers in the areas of security and urban administration UR - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6965-0 ER -