The Journal of Physiological Sciences will be transferred to a new publisher Elsevier from January 2025. The submission system on this website will be closed for all NEW submissions as of 2nd September 2024. After this date, the system will be used to conduct review process for submitted manuscripts before 1st September only. The new publisher will start receiving new submissions after 6th September 2024. For detailed information and questions regarding manuscript preparation and submission to the new system, please refer to the Physiological Society of Japan website or contact the journal office. The official URL will be announced soon. BMC will continue to host an archive of all articles previously published in the journal and all articles published in The Journal of Physiological Sciences during its time with BMC will remain fully searchable via the BMC website. The Journal of Physiological Sciences publishes peer-reviewed original papers, reviews, short communications, technical notes, and letters to the editor, based on the principles and theories of modern physiology and addressed to the international scientific community. All fields of physiology are covered, encompassing molecular, cellular and systems physiology. The emphasis is on human and vertebrate physiology, but comparative papers are also considered. The process of obtaining results must be ethically sound. Fields covered: Adaptation and environment Autonomic nervous function Biophysics Cell sensors and signaling Central nervous system and brain sciences Endocrinology and metabolism Excitable membranes and neural cell physiology Exercise physiology Gastrointestinal and kidney physiology Heart and circulatory physiology Molecular and cellular physiology Muscle physiology Physiome/systems biology Respiration physiology Senses .