In the letters published in the book "Small Fires: Letters of the Soviet People to the Magazine 'Ogonyok'", various topics are discussed that reflect the lives and thoughts of Soviet citizens during 1987-1990. The main themes include:

- Political Reforms and Perestroika — people's expectations about glasnost, democracy, and leadership changes.
- Economic Difficulties — stories about shortages of goods, tough working and living conditions.
- Social Issues — questions related to education, healthcare, pension systems, and housing difficulties.
- National and Ethnic Issues — expressions related to national policies and interethnic relations.
- Personal Stories and Experiences — letters sharing personal experiences, hopes, and fears during that period.

These letters provide a vivid insight into the hopes, disappointments, and aspirations of ordinary Soviet people during this transitional time in history.