Part 1: Understanding Ecological Connectivity -- Chapter 1: Concepts, Measures, and Models for Assessing Connectivity -- Chapter 2: Species on the Move: Migration, Range Shifts, and Dispersal of Species -- Chapter 3: Do Saproxylic Species Need Habitats, Connectivity, or Connected Habitats? -- Chapter 4: The State of Forest Genetic Diversity: Anthropogenic Impacts and Conservation Initiatives -- Chapter 5: Genetic Connectivity and Local Adaptation of Forest Trees in the Face of Climate Change -- Chapter 6: Forest Ecosystems under Climate Change -- Chapter 7: Soil: The Foundation for Ecological Connectivity of Forest Ecosystems -- Part 2: Monitoring and Assessment Techniques -- Chapter 8: Monitoring Methods for the Protection of Connectivity in Forest Ecosystems -- Chapter 9: Monitoring Habitat Fragmentation and Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems -- Chapter 10: Habitat Quality and Quantity: Features and Metrics -- Chapter 11: In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation Measures -- Chapter 12: Practical Guidance for Rapid Biodiversity Assessment in Central European Forests -- Part 3: Restoration, Social Dynamics, and Policy Frameworks -- Chapter 13: Restoring Forest Landscape Connectivity– Why, Where and How? -- Chapter 14: Assisted Migration as a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy -- Chapter 15: Forest Genetic Resources under Climate Change: Institutional Framework, Conservation Measures and Biotechnologies -- Chapter 16: Managing Forest Health in Connected Landscapes -- Chapter 17: Managing Invasive Alien Species in Forest Corridors and Stepping Stones -- Chapter 18: Ecological Connectivity in Urban and Semi-urban Forests -- Chapter 19: Connectivity in the Social-Ecological Context and Nature’s Contribution to People -- Chapter 20: Conservation Initiatives to Connect the Landscape Across Indigenous and Local Communities -- Chapter 21: Ecological Connectivity Perspectives for Policy and Practice -- Part 4: Case Studies in Ecological Connectivity -- Chapter 22: Austria: The Austrian Stepping Stone Program: A Bottom-Up Approach -- Chapter 23: Argentina: Balancing Connectivity and Production in Forest Reserves -- Chapter 24: Botswana: Stand Structure and Hampered Regeneration of Woody Species in Kazuma Forest Reserve, the Busiest Elephant Corridor in Northern Botswana -- Chapter 25: Brazil: Applied Nucleation through Key Microsites -- Chapter 26: Chile: Increasing Connectivity for Nature and People in Highly Anthropogenic Landscapes -- Chapter 27: China: Ecological Restoration Projects for Connected Landscapes -- Chapter 28: Ethiopia: Enhancing Landscape Connectivity through Agroforests -- Chapter 29: Hungary and Austria: Best Practice for Habitat and Species Connectivity: European Beech and Sessile Oak -- Chapter 30: India: Hotspot of Connectivity Research and Conservation in Central India -- Chapter 31: Republic of Korea: Predicting Shifts in Forest Biodiversity -- Chapter 32: Mongolia: Connectivity Conservation actions in the Khan Khentii region -- Chapter 33: Paraguay: Towards a Landscape Restoration of the Paraguayan Atlantic Forest -- Chapter 34: Serbia: Transnational Ecological Corridor Connectivity and Invasive Plant Species (Sava River Basin) -- Chapter 35: Tanzania: The Eastern Arc Mountains Forests as World Natural Heritage: Status and Future Prospects -- Chapter 36: Tunisia: Genetic Diversity Assessment of Cork Oak Provenance Trials in the Context of Climate Change -- Chapter 37: Assisted Regeneration to Restore Lost Forests (Case Study – United Kingdom/Scotland).

Open Access

This is an open access book. This professional volume provides scientific background and practical guidance on forest management in light of ecological connectivity. Readers will gain a great understanding of shifting species in response to climate change and the resulting loss of various resources. The main drivers of these variations are the quality of the availability, quantity, and quality of habitats in the landscape, the genetic diversity of species populations, and the ability to navigate through a fragmented landscape matrix. The connectivity of habitats is gaining importance in the combat of both, the biodiversity crisis and the climate change crisis. Improving ecological connectivity, however, does not automatically benefit all species, as the examples described in the book demonstrate. Specific planning tools, active monitoring protocols, and management measures are needed to increase the benefit for species with low dispersal and small population size, which generally fail to migrate. Assisted migration can help to prevent species extinction, but also offer opportunities for pathogens to cross geographical barriers. The vast majority of the known diversity of plants, fungi, vertebrates, and invertebrates depends on forest ecosystems. This volume helps to spread this message and prepare students for their later careers in the forestry sector, while also informing active practitioners and policy makers. This is an open access book.

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