1: Introduction: Why do we visualize data and what is this book about? -- 2: The Lexis Diagram -- 3: Data and Software -- 4: Surface Plots of Observed Death Rates -- 5: Surface Plots of Smoothed Mortality Data -- 6: Surface Plots of Rates of Mortality Improvement -- 7: Surface Plots for Causes of Death -- 8: Surface Plots of Age-specific Contributions to the Increase in Life Expectancy -- 9: Seasonality of Causes of Death -- 10: Surface Plots for Cancer Survival -- 11: Summary and Outlook -- Bibliography -- References -- Additional Figures.  .

Open Access

This book visualizes mortality dynamics in the Lexis diagram. While the standard approach of plotting death rates is also covered, the focus in this book is on the depiction of rates of mortality improvement over age and time. This rather novel approach offers a more intuitive understanding of the underlying dynamics, enabling readers to better understand whether period- or cohort-effects were instrumental for the development of mortality in a particular country. Besides maps for single countries, the book includes maps on the dynamics of selected causes of death in the United States, such as cardiovascular diseases or lung cancer. The book also features maps for age-specific contributions to the change in life expectancy, for cancer survival and for seasonality in mortality for selected causes of death in the United States. The book is accompanied by instructions on how to use the freely available R Software to produce these types of surface maps. Readers are encouraged to use the presented tools to visualize other demographic data or any event that can be measured by age and calendar time, allowing them to adapt the methods to their respective research interests. The intended audience is anyone who is interested in visualizing data by age and calendar time; no specialist knowledge is required. This book is open access under a CC BY license. .